The construction technology combines existing processes and materials in a new way to fabricate non-repetitive free-form cast-on-site concrete structures using re-usable and digitally-fabricated wax formwork. The proposed technology developed by Gramazio & Kohler, Architektur und Digitale Fabrikation – ETH Zurich, is based on a concept of mass customization rather than mass production.

This means that there is no inherent difference in costs whether all elements fabricated are the same or different. The technology also focuses on economic feasibility in comparison to the state-of-the-art for free-form geometries, while implementing a completely waste-less, cyclical process, meaning that production costs go down, as usage increases.

The technology enables complex and free-form geometries of contemporary architectural production to be fabricated using designs that are highly optimized in terms of material consumption, energy efficiency, and usability.

Read project overview: High-efficiency concrete formwork technology, Zurich, Switzerland »