Recovering Aleppo in Syria

Rubble Recycling Units

Recovering Aleppo in Syria

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    Recovering Aleppo in Syria

    A sense of security and responsibility is critical after a disaster; moreover the sight of millions of tons of concrete rubble is a call for an environmentally conscious recovery strategy. The proposed recycling facility will allow the people to hands on receive and process what once made the fabric of their neighborhood, and in a sense, not everything is lost.

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    Recovering Aleppo in Syria

    Zooming into Aleppo: Recycling modules work together as a network at the city level. They respond to their allocated neighborhoods. The proposal holds a modular system that allows it to react flexibly to different locations through site responsive configurations.

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    Recovering Aleppo in Syria

    Quantitative assessment of damages from the ongoing war in Syria.

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    Recovering Aleppo in Syria

    The life of the project - during operation, and what is left then after.

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    Recovering Aleppo in Syria

    System of assembly of the temporal scaffolding structure.

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    Recovering Aleppo in Syria

    The aesthetic impact of the module is true to its method of construction.

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    Recovering Aleppo in Syria

    Programmatic distribution along the different elements of the module.

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    Recovering Aleppo in Syria

    Detailed understanding of the concrete recycling process - from rubble to aggregate.

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    Recovering Aleppo in Syria

    In parallel to the urban porosity, interconnections weaving the modules allow further public access.

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    Recovering Aleppo in Syria

    The proposal relies on civic engagement to present hope and opportunity for the people of Aleppo.

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    Recovering Aleppo in Syria

    Nour Madi, Beirut, Lebanon; and Ghaith Abi Ghanem and Jad Melki, Ghaith&Jad, Beirut, Lebanon.

  • Next generation Next Generation 2nd prize 2017–2018 Middle East Africa

In Aleppo, the scars of war remain etched into the landscape—shattered homes, empty neighbourhoods, and a fractured sense of belonging. What was once a vibrant city of layered histories and everyday life has been reduced to ruins. But in the rubble lies the potential not only to rebuild structures, but to reweave the social fabric of communities that were torn apart. This project is an invitation to imagine hope rising from destruction—brick by brick, story by story.

By Jad Melki, Ghaith Abi Ghanem - GHAITH&JAD Architecture and Design, Beirut, Lebanon; Nour Madi - American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut, Lebanon

This is a proposal for modular rubble recycling units designed specifically for the city of Aleppo, Syria—an initiative that unites the physical reconstruction of homes with the social and cultural rehabilitation of its communities. Through a decentralised, neighbourhood-based approach, the project aims to transform rubble into a building resource while simultaneously supporting residents’ return and re-rooting. With the support of a humanitarian agency, the project foregrounds cultural continuity, civic agency, and the human need to rebuild not just shelter, but home.

Recovering Aleppo in Syria

Project authors

  • LafargeHolcim Awards 2017 for Middle East Africa prize handover ceremony, Nairobi
    Jad Melki

    GHAITH&JAD Architecture and Design

    Lebanon

  • LafargeHolcim Next Generation Awards Lab 2018
    Nour Madi

    American University of Beirut (AUB)

    Lebanon

  • LafargeHolcim Next Generation Awards Lab 2018
    Ghaith Abi Ghanem

    GHAITH&JAD Architecture and Design

    Lebanon

Project Summary

A City in Ruins, a Community in Waiting

In the city of Aleppo, Syria, years of conflict have indiscriminately destroyed homes, neighbourhoods, and the livelihoods of entire communities. This project addresses both the physical and emotional devastation of the city by proposing temporary recycling structures embedded within the urban fabric—designed to transform concrete rubble from damaged and destroyed buildings into reusable aggregate for new construction. But its aim reaches beyond material reuse: the initiative supports the reconstruction of Aleppo’s social and cultural life, offering a pathway for residents to return and rebuild their neighbourhoods from within.

Neighbourhood-Scale Deployment

The so-called “recycling modules” are carefully located within existing districts—specifically where people once lived—so that reconstruction can happen in situ. The strategy respects the spatial and emotional continuity of place, honouring proximity to homes, memories, and personal spaces. Rather than centralising the process, the modules are fragmented and deployed at a micro scale, ensuring accessibility and encouraging tailored responses to the specific needs of each neighbourhood. This decentralised approach fosters civic engagement and ensures the recovery process remains rooted in community participation.

Recovering Aleppo in Syria

System of assembly of the temporal scaffolding structure.

Combining Material Reuse and Social Repair

These rubble recycling units serve a dual purpose: to rebuild the physical habitat, and to catalyse the healing and reconstitution of local communities. By involving residents directly in recycling and construction, the project empowers individuals through skill-building, job creation, and shared responsibility for their environment. The construction process becomes a platform for both material recovery and social regeneration—restoring agency and dignity to those affected by the war.

Cultural and Civic Continuity

Beyond rebuilding infrastructure, the project raises awareness of cultural identity and continuity. With the support of a humanitarian agency, it recognises that recovery is not only structural—it is about reclaiming streets, stories, and shared spaces. The initiative treats reconstruction as a deeply human endeavour: one where rubble becomes the foundation for renewed life, and rebuilding becomes a collective act of resilience, memory, and hope.

Project Authors

  • Main Author

    Nour Madi

    American University of Beirut (AUB)

    Lebanon

  • Main Author

    Ghaith Abi Ghanem

    GHAITH&JAD Architecture and Design

    Lebanon

  • Main Author

    Jad Melki

    GHAITH&JAD Architecture and Design

    Lebanon

Jury Appraisal

The jury applauded the humanitarian values at the heart of the project—a politically engaged initiative by young designers who harness their discipline to help reconstruct war-devastated neighbourhoods and alleviate the precarious living conditions of people under severe stress. Despite the project’s clear strengths, the jury questioned whether it might have been possible to reuse the materials on site to create more permanent structures, rather than temporary ones requiring repeated assembly and dismantling. That said, the jury ultimately affirmed that the proposal is grounded in a strong ethical vision—one that goes beyond technical solutions to rebuild both communities and the spaces they call home. It represents an enlightened generation of architects working to reverse the senseless destruction caused by those who came before.

Project Updates

Statements on Sustainability

  • The vast volume of concrete waste generated from both routine construction and demolition activities, as well as from emergencies such as war and natural disasters, presents a significant environmental challenge. It increases demand for natural quarrying and contributes to the depletion of available landfill space. In response, a technical study was conducted to assess the potential for recycling this material in the context of Syria. The study included estimating the quantity of construction and demolition waste, developing a GIS-based model for optimal siting of recycling modules, and conducting an economic feasibility assessment.

    The GIS model incorporates environmental and logistical criteria, evaluating site suitability based on transportation access, proximity to waste sources, and the timeframe required to process all emergency waste. Economically, the competitive pricing of recycled concrete aggregate helps reduce pressure on natural resources, making it a viable and sustainable alternative to newly quarried material.

  • The project employs a modular system designed for adaptability, allowing it to respond flexibly to different urban conditions. Eleven recycling modules are proposed across seven sites within Aleppo—each located in zones classified as 100% damaged. Together, these modules form a distributed network embedded within the urban voids, enabling the city to be rebuilt from within.

    Functionally, the modules consume nearby rubble, process it, and convert it into usable construction material. Civically, the system generates local employment and creates opportunities for community involvement. As temporary structures, the modules leave minimal impact on the urban fabric, yet their presence initiates tangible momentum for regeneration.

  • Architecturally, the project reimagines the recycling facility not as an industrial monolith, but as a collection of human-scaled, modular structures. The design incorporates rhythmic planning and spatial variation to create movement routes that respond to the character of each site and surrounding neighbourhood. Each module maintains a consistent structural skeleton, but allows for varied enclosure systems—enabling different functional zones and spatial experiences to emerge from the same basic form.

    The only permanent elements are the anchoring foundations, designed not as buried infrastructure but as visible, integrated urban furniture. Cast from recycled rubble, these elements take the form of public benches—offering a glimpse into a future where temporary industrial interventions transition into lasting public assets, reclaiming space for civic life and cultural continuity.